Variability in growth,development and reproduction of the non-native seaweed Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyceae) on the Irish west coast     

Julia Baer  Dagmar B. Stengel 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

This study compared seasonal growth, development and reproduction of the invasive brown macroalga Sargassum muticum in habitats with different wave exposure on the Irish west coast. Three field sites with different degrees of wave exposure were chosen for monthly observations to reflect different habitats that were characteristic of the Irish west coast. Growth and receptacle development differed considerably between sites. Growth and receptacle development was lower at the most sheltered site. Here, S. muticum showed signs of early fragmentation in April/May during the two years of investigation (2007 and 2008), whilst the population at an exposed site developed normally and plants grew to a maximum average length of 163 cm by July, with the onset of fragmentation in August. Sargassum muticum in a tide pool exhibited a similar seasonal growth cycle as plants at the exposed open shore site. Overall growth however was stunted, with plants reaching a maximum length of only 30–40 cm in July. Receptacle development was also inhibited at the sheltered site, with a maximum of only 10% of plants found to be fertile during spring and summer 2008, while plants at the exposed site and the tide pool exhibited 100% plant fertility by August. An extensive occurrence of the native epiphyte Pylaiella littoralis on S. muticum was noticed during field sampling at the sheltered study site which may have contributed to inhibited development of S. muticum observed in this area.  相似文献   

Slow growth and early sexual maturity: Bane and boon for the red coral Corallium rubrum     

Ivo Gallmetzer  Alexandra Haselmair  Branko Velimirov 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

This study investigates the size, age and growth of Corallium rubrum which is a key species of the only large reef-like structure in the Mediterranean Sea, the coralligéne. Two populations were studied in the Ligurian Sea at a depth between 36 and 42 m. Basal diameter, colony height and numbers of branches of 230 colonies were measured, and age and growth rates were assessed from 25 colonies. Mean growth rate was 0.2 mm yr⁻¹ of basal diameter growth, corresponding to a mean annual total branch length increase of 5 mm. These results point to a coral growth much slower than assumed in many earlier studies. Additionally, age and size at first reproduction were analysed. Male colonies were shown to become sexually mature at a minimum age of six years (1.2 mm of basal diameter), while female colonies reached maturity when at least 10 years old (2 mm of basal diameter). We further discuss the implications of slow growth and early sexual maturity for red coral management and conservation.  相似文献   

曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)基因的鉴定、特征及成熟期的表达研究     

吴俊虹  曹子豪  郑利兵  迟长凤 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(6):1530-1539

促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）在脊椎动物的繁殖过程中起着至关重要的作用,同时也存在于许多无脊椎动物中。利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术（RACE）克隆出曼氏无针乌贼（Sepiella japonica）促性腺激素释放激素（命名为SjGnRH,KP 982885.1）。SjGnRH基因的cDNA全长710 bp,开放阅读框（ORF）为273 bp,编码90个氨基酸,包括一条含有31个氨基酸的信号肽、12个氨基酸的GnRH多肽和44个氨基酸的GnRH相关肽（GAP）;SjGnRH与剑尖枪乌贼（Uroteuthis edulis）和真蛸（Octopus vulgaris）的同源性分别为86.7%和73.3%;SjGnRH高度保守的十二肽与剑尖枪乌贼和真蛸的octGnRH相似度达100%,其信号肽的相似性分别为66.7%和54.8%,GAP区的相似性分别为95.5%和77.3%;实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）结果显示,SjGnRH基因在成熟期的表达具有特异性,在脑中表达量最高,且与其他组织差异显著（P<0.05）;采用原位杂交技术检测SjGnRH mRNA在脑内的表达模式,结果表明：SjGnRH在食道上神经团、食道下神经团和视叶的不同部位均有表达,暗示SjGnRH可能参与曼氏无针乌贼的生殖调控作用。  相似文献   

Effects of sand burial on dune plants: a review     

Hao Qu  HaLin Zhao  RuiLian Zhou 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(3):0201-0208

Burial of different growth stages of plants （e.g., adult plants, seedlings and seeds） is frequent in dune ecosystems. The soil micro-environment, which differs from surface conditions, influences the survival and growth of dune plants. To sum up knowledge about the survival mechanisms of plants under sand burial and to promote practical rehabilitation of dune vegetation, we reviewed relevant published literature and concluded that： （1） Focus in recent years has been on impacts of sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence. Generally, shallow burial increased seed germination and seedling emergence, but deeper burial was negative. Buried at the same depth, large seeds showed higher germination and seedling emergence rates, attributed to larger energy reserves. （2） Survival, growth and reproduction rates of dune plants show plasticity in response to sand burial. Long-term deep burial is fatal because it creates a physical barrier which overcomes the vertical growth of plants, reduces photosynthetic leaf area, and limits oxygen availability to roots. Modest burial, on the other hand, is advantageous for growth and reproduction of many dune plants, due to protection from excessive temperature and drought. （3） There are few reports concerning effects of sand burial on plant physiology, but a limited number of studies indicate that partial burial increases water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rates. The antioxidant protective enzyme system and osmolyte balance were reported to be involved in the mechanisms of dune plant resistance to burial.  相似文献   

蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex)热休克蛋白Hsp90基因的克隆与表达分析     

陈苹  邱成功  邹秀  周健恺  徐善良  王春琳  王丹丽  赵云龙 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(2):418-425

利用RACE技术从蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex)中克隆到Hsp90基因cDNA全长为2568bp,开放阅读框为2155bp,编码718个氨基酸残基,Hsp90蛋白中存在GxxGxG、LxxLL模块(亮氨酸拉链)和C末端的MEEVD序列。同源性比对结果显示蚤状溞Hsp90基因与日本对虾和刀额新对虾的同源性最高为85%,与其它甲壳纲物种的同源性保持在79%及以上。进化分析发现,蚤状溞Hsp90基因与剑水蚤、日本沼虾、红螯相手蟹等甲壳纲的亲缘关系最近。用Real Time PCR技术,检测了Hsp90mRNA在蚤状溞不同生殖状态下的表达水平:Hsp90 mRNA在两性溞(带冬卵)中的表达量明显高于孤雌溞(带夏卵)(P0.05),且在冬卵中的表达量最低。推测Hsp90可能参与了蚤状溞的生殖转化调控。Hsp90 mRNA在雄溞中的表达量是孤雌溞的2.4倍,说明Hsp90可能参与了精子的形成过程。  相似文献   

Effect of temperature and photoperiod on maturation of Cephalothrix hongkongiensis （Nemertea： Palaeonemertea）     

李应东  宋肖跃  张珊珊  朱林  孙世春 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(4):764-772

The limited knowledge about the relationships between environmental factors and the maturation and reproductive seasonality of nemerteans is mostly obtained from field studies, and in many cases is conjectural. Few species have been studied under well-controlled laboratory conditions. In this work, the effects of temperature and photoperiod on gonad development and spawning of Cephalothrix hongkongiensis were observed by rearing worms under different temperatures and photoperiods. Worms reared at 4℃ and 6℃ showed no growth or gonadal development, and all died within 109 days. At 8℃ and 12℃, gonads could be seen from 90 days to the termination of the 360-day experiment, but no spawning was observed. Worms maintained at 16, 24, and 28℃ showed both gonadal development and spawning, and matured faster at higher temperatures. Under a fixed temperature(16℃), photoperiod did not have any significant impact on maturation and spawning. It is likely that temperature plays a major role in regulating the maturation and reproductive cycle of C. hongkongiensis.  相似文献   

Saguaro (Carnegiea Gigantea) Densities and Reproduction Over the Northern Sonoran Desert     

《自然地理学》2013,34(6):505-518

Casual observations suggest that saguaro populations are densest in southeastern Arizona, although data have not been collected and no study has been done to address this topic. In addition, the topic of reproductive density has similarly never been addressed. Saguaro reproductive output is directly related to the number of adult individuals and the number of branches in the area. Thirty saguaro populations over their U.S. range were sampled to consider two variables: population density and reproductive stem density. Stepwise regression using climate and vegetation (e.g., availability of nurse plants) to predict density yielded tree + Ambrosia cover and maximum July precipitation. Nurse cover, however, is also influenced by summer rain. The partial correlation results suggest that high saguaro densities are linked with high quality nurse cover (i.e., not Larrea tridentata) in addition to summer rainfall. Total cover and mean annual precipitation are the best predictors of reproductive stem density. Mean annual precipitation may be a good predictor of reproductive stem density, because population density is linked with summer rain while branching is linked with winter rain. The plots were also divided into climatic regions. One-way ANOVA shows that the northeast (high winter precipitation) and west (dry) have lower saguaro densities than the southeast (high summer precipitation), while the northeast and southeast both have very high reproductive stem densities relative to the west. The warmer west is less susceptible to periodic freezing mortality, while previous work has shown that the southeast generally regenerates more successfully. Thus in the colder northeast, which is also outside of the primary summer rain and best nurse plant belt, low density populations seem to be maintained only with high reproductive density.  相似文献   

广西涠洲岛黄廯蜂巢珊瑚、肉质扁脑珊瑚的胚胎和幼虫的早期发育     

韦芬  黄雯  余克服  廖芝衡  王欣  王英辉 《海洋学报》2020,42(4):87-95

研究造礁石珊瑚的有性繁殖来探索珊瑚礁的生态修复是近年来的热点。本文于2018年5月采集广西涠洲岛自然海域中的黄廯蜂巢珊瑚(Favia favus)和肉质扁脑珊瑚(Platygyra carnosus)至室内养殖,收集受精卵,观察和记录其胚胎和幼虫的早期发育过程。结果显示,黄廯蜂巢珊瑚和肉质扁脑珊瑚都是雌雄同体,体外受精,在月圆后5~8 d产卵;发育过程都经历卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期以及浮浪幼虫期;两者的卵母细胞都不含虫黄藻。本研究记录了涠洲岛造礁石珊瑚的有性繁殖行为,为进一步利用有性繁殖来进行珊瑚礁的生态修复提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

核酸指标对桡足类安氏伪镖水蚤摄食率、生长率及产卵率的指示作用     

何学佳  杨华明  吕柏东  尹健强 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(2):26-35

核酸指标可表征桡足类营养及生长状态, 然而多物种和多指标比较研究的相对缺乏却限制了现场海区调查中对核酸标志物的广泛应用。本研究测定了系列饵料浓度(0.2~2.0μg C·mL^-1)喂食的安氏伪镖水蚤Pseudodiaptomus annandalei的桡足幼体Ⅱ期个体的摄食率、生长率及成体产卵率, 并就生化组成, 包括RNA含量、DNA含量、蛋白含量(以下简写为PRO)、RNA:DNA、RNA:PRO、DNA:PRO及元素组成(N含量、P含量、C:N 和C:P比值)进行定量分析和计算。摄食率、生长率、产卵率及桡足幼体的RNA相关的核酸指标随饵料浓度的变化趋势均符合双曲线模型, 而雌性成体中仅RNA:DNA比值符合此模型。对RNA相关指标与各生理参数的相关性分析显示, 桡足幼体的RNA相关指标均与摄食率及生长率呈显著线性相关性, 显著程度的顺序为RNA:DNA>RNA:PRO>RNA含量; 雌性成体中RNA:DNA及RNA:PRO比值与产卵率显著相关, 前者的相关性远较后者显著。此结果表明, 在常用的现场浮游桡足类调查的标志比值(RNA:DNA比值或RNA含量)之外, RNA:PRO比值亦可作为指示桡足类生长状态的标志比值, 但是当指示体生长时, 桡足类必须处于同一生长阶段。RNA相关指标与饵料浓度之间稳固的双曲线相关性提示我们, RNA相关指标可帮助评估桡足类的饵料环境。  相似文献   

Patterns of variation of serum oxidative stress markers in two seabird species     

David Costantini  & Francesco Bonadonna 《Polar research》2010,29(1):30-35

Variation in oxidative stress markers in natural populations may provide a useful background for understanding variation in life history strategies. In this study, we seek to evaluate patterns of variation in levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (markers of oxidative damage), serum antioxidant capacity, and serum concentration of thiols (antioxidants endogenously synthesized) in nestling and breeding blue petrels ( Halobaena caerulea ) and in breeding Antarctic prions ( Pachyptila desolata ). Male and female prions and nestling petrels did not differ in any of the oxidative stress markers. The serum antioxidant capacity positively correlated with the sample time in nestling blue petrels. Breeding petrels with higher body condition index had higher serum antioxidant capacity and circulating thiols. Finally, both seabird species showed lower levels of reactive oxygen metabolites and higher levels of serum antioxidant capacity than previously studied bird species.  相似文献